{"id":134,"date":"2016-01-11T10:10:19","date_gmt":"2016-01-11T10:10:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/?p=134"},"modified":"2018-11-15T22:53:39","modified_gmt":"2018-11-15T22:53:39","slug":"chavalarias2016bds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/?p=134","title":{"rendered":"The unlikely encounter between von Foerster and Snowden: When second-order cybernetics sheds light on societal impacts of Big Data"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-4348bcc0efc71e0ca085bfccd8f76c8f\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-4348bcc0efc71e0ca085bfccd8f76c8f{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-4348bcc0efc71e0ca085bfccd8f76c8f .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-4348bcc0efc71e0ca085bfccd8f76c8f .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-4348bcc0efc71e0ca085bfccd8f76c8f av-special-heading-h2  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >The unlikely encounter between von Foerster and Snowden: When second-order cybernetics sheds light on societal impacts of Big Data<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-0688d0b0b6ed2f8b057db7a8270206df\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-0688d0b0b6ed2f8b057db7a8270206df{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-0688d0b0b6ed2f8b057db7a8270206df hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_one_third '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_one_third-9497bbf8bff73ea4c6992cc17fa9ec36\">\n.flex_column.av-av_one_third-9497bbf8bff73ea4c6992cc17fa9ec36{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_one_third-9497bbf8bff73ea4c6992cc17fa9ec36 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-396ddf1f42196ca838231e61a4602801 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"http:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/01\/SnowdenBDS.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-413\" src=\"http:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/01\/SnowdenBDS.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"415\" height=\"173\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/01\/SnowdenBDS.png 415w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2016\/01\/SnowdenBDS-300x125.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_hr-a6de236e6c183bbbd700292deacd2b52\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-av_hr-a6de236e6c183bbbd700292deacd2b52{\nheight:20px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-av_hr-a6de236e6c183bbbd700292deacd2b52 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_icon_box '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_icon_box-a474506edac2ed6ce5f2a9e2f0e844f0\">\n.iconbox.av-av_icon_box-a474506edac2ed6ce5f2a9e2f0e844f0 .iconbox_icon{\nbackground-color:#3cc4ea;\n}\n<\/style>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_top av-av_icon_box-a474506edac2ed6ce5f2a9e2f0e844f0  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_icon_box  main_color'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Read this article\"><a href='http:\/\/bds.sagepub.com\/content\/3\/1\/2053951715621086' title='Read this article' aria-label='Read this article'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue84d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title=\"Read this article\" desc=\"Read this article\" ><\/a><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='http:\/\/bds.sagepub.com\/content\/3\/1\/2053951715621086' title='Read this article'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read this article<\/a><\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Read the article from BDS website (open access) or download the PDF<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_icon_box-a2ad9ca0e212c81783862658a5edaaa1\">\n.iconbox.av-av_icon_box-a2ad9ca0e212c81783862658a5edaaa1 .iconbox_icon{\nbackground-color:#3cc4ea;\n}\n<\/style>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_top av-av_icon_box-a2ad9ca0e212c81783862658a5edaaa1  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_icon_box  el_before_av_icon_box  main_color'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Lire cet article\"><a href='https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-01170062' title='Lire cet article' aria-label='Lire cet article'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue841' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title=\"Lire cet article\" desc=\"Lire cet article\" ><\/a><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-01170062' title='Lire cet article'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lire cet article<\/a><\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Lire la version fran\u00e7aise de cet article (HAL, PDF). Cette version est l\u00e9g\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rente de la version originale (plus courte).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_icon_box-f5d1a3c3ff6abc8b9beb2b85eabdd70d\">\n.iconbox.av-av_icon_box-f5d1a3c3ff6abc8b9beb2b85eabdd70d .iconbox_icon{\nbackground-color:#3cc4ea;\n}\n<\/style>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_top av-av_icon_box-f5d1a3c3ff6abc8b9beb2b85eabdd70d  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_icon_box  avia-builder-el-last  main_color'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Presse\"><div class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue84e' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello'  ><\/div><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" >Presse<\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Ces travaux sont rapport\u00e9s dans le num\u00e9ro de Philosophie Magazine de septembre 2016.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/04\/pmfr103couv.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-368\" src=\"http:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/04\/pmfr103couv.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"752\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/04\/pmfr103couv.jpg 570w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/04\/pmfr103couv-227x300.jpg 227w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/04\/pmfr103couv-534x705.jpg 534w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/04\/pmfr103couv-450x594.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_two_third-9c1d454dc06f7247226bc4e8f931daae\">\n.flex_column.av-av_two_third-9c1d454dc06f7247226bc4e8f931daae{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_two_third-9c1d454dc06f7247226bc4e8f931daae av_two_third  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-av_textblock-0366cc7376be6c9e82a3e9cc8987b64f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"abstract-1\" class=\"section abstract\">\n<h2>Abstract<\/h2>\n<p id=\"p-2\">Although information and communication technologies (ICT) have created hope for a shared pluralistic world, democratic principles are far from being respected in the public digital environment, and require a detailed knowledge of the laws by which they are governed. Von Foerster&#8217;s conjecture is one of the early theoretical results that could help to understand these laws. Although neglected for a long time, the advent of the overlying layer of recommendation and ranking systems which is progressively occupying the web has given empirical evidences of this conjecture, which predicts the consequences of increasing inter-individual influences on social dynamics and the susceptibility of these latter to manipulation. With both von Foerster&#8217;s conjecture and the Snowden revelations in the background, we analyse the impact of ICT on human societies and their governance, in view of the fact that they have a massive impact on the way in which people influence each other in their tastes and actions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cite this paper :<\/strong> Chavalarias, D., 2016. The unlikely encounter between von Foerster and Snowden: When second-order cybernetics sheds light on societal impacts of Big Data. 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