{"id":3182,"date":"2023-10-13T06:15:20","date_gmt":"2023-10-13T06:15:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/?p=3182"},"modified":"2023-11-19T22:56:45","modified_gmt":"2023-11-19T22:56:45","slug":"glyphosate-ce-que-dit-levolution-de-la-recherche","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/?p=3182","title":{"rendered":"Glyphosate &#8211; ce que dit l&#8217;\u00e9volution de la recherche"},"content":{"rendered":"<div   class='avia-fullscreen-slider main_color   avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  container_wrap fullsize'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-lno7r4ao-b5e302156fe644870f484d11fba0194e avia-slideshow-extra_large av_fullscreen avia-slide-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-default av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-1' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:false,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:true,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0,&quot;slide_height&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;image_attachment&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 41.933333333333%;'><li style='background-position:center center;' data-img-url='https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/glyphosate-1500x629.png' class='avia-slideshow-slide av-lno7r4ao-b5e302156fe644870f484d11fba0194e__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-1' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><div class='av-slideshow-caption av-lno7r4ao-b5e302156fe644870f484d11fba0194e__0 caption_fullwidth caption_left caption_left_framed caption_framed'><div class=\"container caption_container\"><div class=\"slideshow_caption\"><div class=\"slideshow_inner_caption\"><div class=\"slideshow_align_caption\"><h2 class='avia-caption-title '  itemprop=\"name\" >Interdiction du Glyphosate<\/h2><div class='avia-caption-content '  itemprop=\"description\" ><p>Les perspectives de 30 ans de recherche<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div id='after_full_slider_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-3182'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-as0i6-b9d677b26f66cb88f63d26cf5b9c9533 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_fullscreen  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lno7s9s8-7950fecb36ea6ee26cfe104eef9b6fe5\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lno7s9s8-7950fecb36ea6ee26cfe104eef9b6fe5{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lno7s9s8-7950fecb36ea6ee26cfe104eef9b6fe5 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lno7s9s8-7950fecb36ea6ee26cfe104eef9b6fe5 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lno7s9s8-7950fecb36ea6ee26cfe104eef9b6fe5 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-2  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Comment ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 les recherches sur le glyphostate en 30 ans ? R\u00e9ponse en phylom\u00e9mie<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lno7ry6g-db9aa30a3cd1cf0466b7685650f73c24 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><b>\u00c0 propos des recherches sur le glyphosate.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Alors que la Commission Europ\u00e9enne propose de prolonger l&#8217;utilisation du Glyphosate pour 10 ans, cette phylom\u00e9mie trace l&#8217;\u00e9volution des recherches sur le glyphosate depuis la fin des ann\u00e9es 1980.<\/p>\n<p>Les recherches sur le glyphosate ont suscit\u00e9 un grand int\u00e9r\u00eat dans la litt\u00e9rature scientifique en raison de ses applications r\u00e9pandues en tant qu&#8217;herbicide et des pr\u00e9occupations concernant ses effets sur la sant\u00e9 humaine et l&#8217;environnement. Le glyphosate a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert dans les ann\u00e9es 1950 et est devenu populaire en tant qu&#8217;herbicide efficace sous le nom commercial de Roundup, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par Monsanto. Il est devenu l&#8217;herbicide le plus largement utilis\u00e9 au monde en raison de son efficacit\u00e9 pour \u00e9liminer les mauvaises herbes dans l&#8217;agriculture et les jardins mais son utilisation a \u00e9t\u00e9 de plus en plus marqu\u00e9e par des pr\u00e9occupations persistantes quant \u00e0 sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9, en particulier en ce qui concerne son potentiel canc\u00e9rig\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n<p>Cette phylom\u00e9mie a \u00e9t\u00e9 reconstruite \u00e0 partir de pr\u00e8s de 17.000 publications acad\u00e9miques sur le glyphosate. Elle met en \u00e9vidence les trois phases de la recherche sur le glyphosate. La premi\u00e8re, l&#8217;\u00e2ge d&#8217;or, porte sur sa toxicit\u00e9 pour les mauvaises herbes et les mani\u00e8re de l&#8217;utiliser, la seconde voit l&#8217;apparition des probl\u00e8mes de r\u00e9sistance, et dans la troisi\u00e8me le d\u00e9veloppement de recherches sur sa toxicit\u00e9 pour les organismes vivants et en particulier les humains. Un des tournants ces recherches a \u00e9t\u00e9 la prise de conscience que sa toxicit\u00e9 est tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente lorsqu&#8217;il est test\u00e9 pur en laboratoire, ce qui \u00e9tait le cas des premi\u00e8res \u00e9tudes, ou en solution et dans un champ, o\u00f9 sa d\u00e9gradation produit toutes sortes de d\u00e9riv\u00e9s toxiques ainsi qu&#8217;un &#8220;effet cocktail&#8221;. En particulier, l&#8217;expression &#8220;glyphosate-based herbicide&#8221; qui s&#8217;affirme comme sujet de recherche aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des probl\u00e8mes de toxicit\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de 2005 marque cette prise de conscience.<\/p>\n<p>Les industriels du Glyphosate jouent sur cette ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 en affirmant que les \u00e9tudes scientifiques d\u00e9montrent l&#8217;<span data-dobid=\"hdw\">innocuit\u00e9<\/span> pour l&#8217;homme et les organismes non cibl\u00e9s par ce produit. Ce qui peut \u00eatre vrai lorsqu&#8217;il est utilis\u00e9 pur en laboratoire, mais assur\u00e9ment faux lorsqu&#8217;il est utilis\u00e9 en conditions r\u00e9elles. Cette ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 brouille la perception des d\u00e9cideurs, qui peuvent \u00eatre amen\u00e9s \u00e0 penser qu&#8217;il y a encore incertitude sur la toxicit\u00e9 du glyphosate pour l&#8217;\u00eatre humain, ce qui est scientifiquement faux \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 ses conditions d&#8217;utilisation. Il est en fait extr\u00eamement probable, voire quasi certain, que la prolongation de l&#8217;autorisation du glyphosate entra\u00eenera de nombreux d\u00e9c\u00e8s.<\/p>\n<p><b>Comment lire cette visualisation ?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Sur cette image, le temps s&#8217;\u00e9coule de haut en bas, chaque petit disque repr\u00e9sente un champs de recherche identifi\u00e9 par fouille de donn\u00e9es textuelle et les liens verticaux mettent en \u00e9vidence les similarit\u00e9s entre champs de recherche d&#8217;une ann\u00e9e sur l&#8217;autre ce qui fait appara\u00eetre des branches de recherche. Les termes qui sont affich\u00e9s sont les termes \u00e9mergents dans la phylom\u00e9mies, ils apparaissent pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans un champ de recherche structur\u00e9. On voit clairement que ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es ont vu l&#8217;acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de l\u2019apparition de terms li\u00e9s \u00e0 la toxicit\u00e9 du Glyphosate.<\/p>\n<p>Pour aller plus loins :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Article (et suppl\u00e9ments) :\u00a0 <\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>Chavalarias, D., Lobb\u00e9, Q., Delano\u00eb, A., 2021. Draw me Science: Multi-level and multi-scale reconstruction of knowledge dynamics with phylomemies. Scientometrics. <a class=\"moz-txt-link-freetext\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-021-04186-5\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-021-04186-5<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Lobb\u00e9, Q., Delano\u00eb, A., Chavalarias, D., 2021. Exploring, browsing and interacting with multi-level and multi-scale dynamics of knowledge. Information Visualization 14738716211044829. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14738716211044829\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14738716211044829<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Visualisation interactive : <\/b><a class=\"moz-txt-link-freetext\" href=\"http:\/\/maps.gargantext.org\/phylo\/glyphosate\/paper08\/\">http:\/\/maps.gargantext.org\/phylo\/glyphosate\/paper08\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lno7ut0r-a1854829efd8d79a8fe2129bb3bc70f5\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lno7ut0r-a1854829efd8d79a8fe2129bb3bc70f5 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lno7ut0r-a1854829efd8d79a8fe2129bb3bc70f5 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lno7ut0r-a1854829efd8d79a8fe2129bb3bc70f5 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3183 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3183 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/glyphosate.png\" alt='' title='glyphosate'  height=\"1258\" width=\"3000\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/glyphosate.png 3000w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/glyphosate-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/glyphosate-1030x432.png 1030w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/glyphosate-768x322.png 768w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/glyphosate-1536x644.png 1536w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/glyphosate-2048x859.png 2048w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/glyphosate-1500x629.png 1500w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2023\/10\/glyphosate-705x296.png 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3000px) 100vw, 3000px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3183,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3182"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3185,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3182\/revisions\/3185"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}