{"id":3396,"date":"2024-06-04T20:26:58","date_gmt":"2024-06-04T20:26:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/?p=3396"},"modified":"2024-09-09T08:51:31","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T08:51:31","slug":"commission-denquete-sur-les-politiques-publiques-face-aux-operations-dinfluences-etrangeres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/?p=3396","title":{"rendered":"Commission d&#8217;enqu\u00eate sur les politiques publiques face aux op\u00e9rations d&#8217;influences \u00e9trang\u00e8res"},"content":{"rendered":"<div  class='flex_column av-5vg644-cd6d7be2c180382c223bacd2be0bba96 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lx0rn2wj-6ba3a0e5d6ec72db9f477a97e6b28c74\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lx0rn2wj-6ba3a0e5d6ec72db9f477a97e6b28c74{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lx0rn2wj-6ba3a0e5d6ec72db9f477a97e6b28c74 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lx0rn2wj-6ba3a0e5d6ec72db9f477a97e6b28c74 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lx0rn2wj-6ba3a0e5d6ec72db9f477a97e6b28c74 av-special-heading-h2  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Commission d\u2018enqu\u00eate sur les politiques publiques face aux op\u00e9rations d\u2019influences \u00e9trang\u00e8res<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5y6js4-f5ed8b8275bb96640ea541e74d7d76e9\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-5y6js4-f5ed8b8275bb96640ea541e74d7d76e9{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-5y6js4-f5ed8b8275bb96640ea541e74d7d76e9 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-5y6js4-f5ed8b8275bb96640ea541e74d7d76e9 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-5y6js4-f5ed8b8275bb96640ea541e74d7d76e9 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Table ronde sur les influences \u00e9trang\u00e8res dans l\u2019espace num\u00e9rique<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lx1iuuxs-f52e473c7fd0f2b546e1a1cbc2b1c2c6 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>publi\u00e9 le 4 juin 2024<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Table ronde du Mardi 4 juin <\/strong>sur les influences \u00e9trang\u00e8res dans l&#8217;espace num\u00e9rique avec <strong>MM.\u00a0Tariq\u00a0Krim<\/strong>, fondateur du think tank Cybernetica, <strong>Bernard\u00a0Benhamou<\/strong>, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019Institut de la souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique, <strong>Julien\u00a0Nocetti<\/strong>, chercheur au Centre d\u2019analyse, de pr\u00e9vision et de strat\u00e9gie du minist\u00e8re des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et <strong>David Chavalarias<\/strong>, directeur de recherche au CNRS<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/travaux-parlementaires\/structures-temporaires\/commissions-denquete\/commission-denquete-sur-les-politiques-publiques-face-aux-operations-dinfluences-etrangeres.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[Voir la page sur le site du S\u00e9nat<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/notice-rapport\/2023\/r23-739-1-notice.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Consulter le rapport complet<\/a>]<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lx1itrxe-f6257691134c4221f8cc88324e49d762\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lx1itrxe-f6257691134c4221f8cc88324e49d762{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lx1itrxe-f6257691134c4221f8cc88324e49d762 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lx1itrxe-f6257691134c4221f8cc88324e49d762 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lx1itrxe-f6257691134c4221f8cc88324e49d762 av-special-heading-h4  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last '><h4 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Extraits d\u2019interventions<\/h4><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-4bps6c-fa4718675b6c799185a590711a09a79b av_one_third  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><div  class='avia-video av-lx0ths1z-042a27e0108acc9f032b2060ef9f8837 avia-video-16-9 av-no-preview-image avia-video-load-always av-lazyload-immediate av-lazyload-video-embed'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/vimeo.com\/953693211'><script type='text\/html' class='av-video-tmpl'><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Commission d&#039;enqu\u00eate Influences \u00e9trang\u00e8res du S\u00e9nat - Intervention 1\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/953693211?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963&autoplay=0&loop=0&controls=1&muted=0\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/script><div class='av-click-to-play-overlay'><div class=\"avia_playpause_icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<div  class='flex_column av-cue50-1f2b2078df9405563a3ebbeb650e0674 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><div  class='avia-video av-lx0x5510-1866f071c4111d635e6fb1c4c2b6cf63 avia-video-16-9 av-no-preview-image avia-video-load-always av-lazyload-immediate av-lazyload-video-embed'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/vimeo.com\/953693457'><script type='text\/html' class='av-video-tmpl'><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Commission d&#039;enqu\u00eate Influences \u00e9trang\u00e8res du S\u00e9nat - Intervention 2\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/953693457?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963&autoplay=0&loop=0&controls=1&muted=0\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/script><div class='av-click-to-play-overlay'><div class=\"avia_playpause_icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-30cypw-2634342188d370a79a68ab0bfbcf7e72 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><div  class='avia-video av-lx0x69hm-14485a321a2c760dfd81d1ec3406e8e3 avia-video-16-9 av-no-preview-image avia-video-load-always av-lazyload-immediate av-lazyload-video-embed'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/vimeo.com\/953693503'><script type='text\/html' class='av-video-tmpl'><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Commission d&#039;enqu\u00eate Influences \u00e9trang\u00e8res du S\u00e9nat - Intervention 3\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/953693503?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963&autoplay=0&loop=0&controls=1&muted=0\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/script><div class='av-click-to-play-overlay'><div class=\"avia_playpause_icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-7exzes-8f4993968c2323b7d60614cecad65711 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lx0rwh2w-926b3bfc1c01d2ec1a8a83e39c7ae6bc '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Pr\u00e9cisions, errata &amp; r\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h3>\n<p><em>Le timing des errata est donn\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 la vid\u00e9o compl\u00e8te ci-dessous.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>\u00c0 propos de la possibilit\u00e9 de permettre aux utilisateurs de certifier leur citoyennet\u00e9 et de filtrer les contenus produits par leurs concitoyens<\/h4>\n<p>Cette proposition vise \u00e0 donner aux utilisateurs des r\u00e9seaux sociaux la possibilit\u00e9 de certifier leur citoyennet\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re anonyme <em>et sans transfert de donn\u00e9es \u00e0 l&#8217;Etat ou \u00e0 la plateforme<\/em>. Il\u00a0 s&#8217;agit ici d&#8217;imposer comme contrainte aux plateformes (<strong>erratum :<\/strong> 23&#8217;27&#8221; entendre &#8220;forcer les plateformes&#8221; et non &#8220;forcer les utilisateurs&#8221;)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>de rendre compatible leurs infrastructures avec des protocoles d&#8217;authentification tels que France Connect, ce de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les utilisateurs, s&#8217;ils le souhaitent, puissent ajouter un badge de profil &#8220;citoyen fran\u00e7ais&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>de permettre aux utilisateurs de filtrer \u00e0 la vol\u00e9e et \u00e0 la demande les messages qui rel\u00e8vent d&#8217;un d\u00e9bat entre concitoyens lorsqu&#8217;il s&#8217;agit de sujets o\u00f9 une ing\u00e9rence \u00e9trang\u00e8re est \u00e0 craindre. Par contraste, cela mettrait mieux d\u00e9tecter les op\u00e9rations d&#8217;ing\u00e9rence (filtrer les messages non fran\u00e7ais) et permettrait de se faire une id\u00e9e de ce qui se dit \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9tranger sur un sujet quelconque d&#8217;int\u00e9r\u00eat international.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u00c0 propos du mode de scrutin et du jugement majoritaire comme solution<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Erratum :<\/strong> 1h49&#8217;13&#8221; : entendre <em>&#8220;\u00c9lire quelqu&#8217;un qui est rejet\u00e9 par la majorit\u00e9 de la population&#8221; <\/em>et non simplement<em>&#8220;\u00c9lire quelqu&#8217;un qui est rejet\u00e9 par une partie de la population&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Il s&#8217;agit tout d&#8217;abord de respecter le principe de <em>rejet majoritaire (cf. Toxic Data, Ch.12) : <\/em>une option ou un.e candidat.e qui serait rejet\u00e9.e par la majorit\u00e9 de la population ne doit pas pouvoir \u00eatre choisi.e. Le jugement majoritaire (voir ci-dessous) prenant en compte entre autres le rejet potentiel de tous les citoyens sur toutes les options, il respecte le principe de rejet majoritaire.<\/p>\n<p>Pour en savoir plus sur cette probl\u00e9matique sur vote, voir la vid\u00e9o ci-dessous, le site de l&#8217;Association <a href=\"http:\/\/mieuxvoter.fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mieux Voter<\/a> et mon article :<\/p>\n<p>Chavalarias, D. (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04601349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Math\u00e9matiques pr\u00e9sidentielles La r\u00e9volution du \u00ab\u202fjugement majoritaire\u202f\u00bb.<\/a> <i>Grief<\/i>, <i>9<\/i>(1), 59\u201382 (<a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04601349\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pre-print en acc\u00e8s libre sur HAL<\/a>).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-video av-lx1j6zb3-9b0a688099119a05981362bad51bafa7 avia-video-16-9 av-no-preview-image avia-video-load-always av-lazyload-immediate av-lazyload-video-embed'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aOFlwlCX3oA'><script type='text\/html' class='av-video-tmpl'><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Le jugement majoritaire, qu&#039;est-ce que c&#039;est ?\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aOFlwlCX3oA?feature=oembed&autoplay=0&loop=0&controls=1&mute=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/script><div class='av-click-to-play-overlay'><div class=\"avia_playpause_icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lx1j5gq1-f4924c10777af14af608fbff5713b000 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h4>\u00c0 propos de l&#8217;impact de l&#8217;AI \u00e0 tout prix sur l&#8217;\u00e9thique<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Erratum :<\/strong> 1h51 : Le journal isra\u00eblien parlait de l&#8217;arm\u00e9e isra\u00eblienne et non am\u00e9ricaine.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;article portant sur l&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;un syst\u00e8me d&#8217;IA appel\u00e9 &#8220;Lavender&#8221; pour diriger les drones isra\u00e9liens sur Gaza a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.972mag.com\/lavender-ai-israeli-army-gaza\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">+972<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 propos de ce syst\u00e8me :<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Au d\u00e9but de la guerre, l&#8217;arm\u00e9e a largement autoris\u00e9 les officiers \u00e0 adopter les listes d&#8217;objectifs de Lavender, sans exiger de v\u00e9rification approfondie des raisons pour lesquelles la machine avait fait ces choix, ni d&#8217;examen des donn\u00e9es brutes de renseignement sur lesquelles elles \u00e9taient bas\u00e9es. Une source a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le personnel humain ne faisait souvent qu&#8217;ent\u00e9riner les d\u00e9cisions de la machine, ajoutant que, normalement, il ne consacrait personnellement qu&#8217;environ \u00ab 20 secondes \u00bb \u00e0 chaque cible avant d&#8217;autoriser un bombardement &#8211; juste pour s&#8217;assurer que la cible marqu\u00e9e par Lavender est bien un homme. Et ce, tout en sachant que le syst\u00e8me commet ce que l&#8217;on consid\u00e8re comme des \u00ab erreurs \u00bb dans environ 10 % des cas, et qu&#8217;il est connu pour marquer occasionnellement des individus qui n&#8217;ont qu&#8217;un lien t\u00e9nu avec des groupes militants, voire aucun lien du tout.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Et concernant le caract\u00e8re sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent de l&#8217;utilisation de tel syst\u00e8mes :<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Selon deux de ces sources, l&#8217;arm\u00e9e a \u00e9galement d\u00e9cid\u00e9, au cours des premi\u00e8res semaines de la guerre, que pour chaque agent subalterne du Hamas marqu\u00e9 par Lavender, il \u00e9tait permis de tuer jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 15 ou 20 civils ; par le pass\u00e9, l&#8217;arm\u00e9e n&#8217;autorisait aucun \u00ab dommage collat\u00e9ral \u00bb lors de l&#8217;assassinat de militants de rang subalterne.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>On voit ici clairement que c&#8217;est l&#8217;\u00e9thique de la guerre qui s&#8217;adapter \u00e0 la volonter d&#8217;utiliser l&#8217;IA et non l&#8217;IA qui doit respecter une \u00e9thique pr\u00e9-\u00e9tablie.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00c0 propos de l&#8217;ing\u00e9rence du Kremlin dans les \u00e9lections europ\u00e9ennes de 2024 (et des l\u00e9gislatives 2024)<\/h4>\n<p>J&#8217;\u00e9voquais le dernier article pre-print de Paul Bouchaud, qui effectue son doctorat avec moi \u00e0 l&#8217;<a href=\"http:\/\/iscpif.fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISC-PIF<\/a> : Paul Bouchaud. On Meta&#8217;s Political Ad Policy Enforcement: An analysis of Coordinated Campaigns &amp; Pro-Russian Propaganda. 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04541571v2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u27e8hal-04541571v2\u27e9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Il a montr\u00e9 notamment, en analysant la Facebook add Library que, lors de la campagne europ\u00e9enne de 2024, les publics fran\u00e7ais, allemand, italien et polonais ont \u00e9t\u00e9 la cible sur Facebook de publicit\u00e9s politiques pro-kremlin utilisant des \u00e9v\u00e9nements d&#8217;actualit\u00e9, comme les manifestations d&#8217;agriculteurs ou la guerre \u00e0 l&#8217;Ukraine ou pro-Bardella. Au total, 3.800 pages ont touch\u00e9 plus de 38 millions de comptes entre le 2023\/08 et le 2024\/03. Moins de 20% d&#8217;entre elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9es par Meta, apr\u00e8s avoir fait au moins 2,6 millions de vues.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1verqc-6f69c5ace734e4116ad5f2e560415a02 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lx0uodvk-132134b52857bf83ffefd34f0f13790b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/videos.senat.fr\/iframe.4695902_665f4f7f12393\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe> <\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":3394,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3396"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3398,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3396\/revisions\/3398"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}