{"id":813,"date":"2017-09-14T15:11:01","date_gmt":"2017-09-14T15:11:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/?p=813"},"modified":"2018-11-15T23:00:33","modified_gmt":"2018-11-15T23:00:33","slug":"reconstruction-et-modelisation-des-dynamiques-sociales-et-de-levolution-culturelle-le-tournant-des-sciences-humaines-et-sociales-du-xxieme-siecle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/?p=813","title":{"rendered":"Article de synth\u00e8se : Identification et reconfiguration des communaut\u00e9s politiques durant la campagne pr\u00e9sidentielle fran\u00e7aise 2017"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='full_slider_1'  class='avia-fullwidth-slider main_color avia-shadow   avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap fullsize'  ><div  class='avia-slideshow av-1se5k5-accff26187dfb1a9536bcd69fa5f4a81 avia-slideshow-featured av_slideshow_full avia-slide-slider av-slideshow-ui av-control-default av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied   avia-slideshow-1' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:false,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 28.666666666667%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-1se5k5-accff26187dfb1a9536bcd69fa5f4a81__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-1' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><div class='av-slideshow-caption av-1se5k5-accff26187dfb1a9536bcd69fa5f4a81__0 caption_fullwidth caption_right caption_right_framed caption_framed'><div class=\"container caption_container\"><div class=\"slideshow_caption\"><div class=\"slideshow_inner_caption\"><div class=\"slideshow_align_caption\"><h2 class='avia-caption-title '  itemprop=\"name\" >Article de synth\u00e8se : Identification et reconfiguration des communaut\u00e9s politiques durant la campagne pr\u00e9sidentielle fran\u00e7aise 2017<\/h2><div class='avia-caption-content '  itemprop=\"description\" ><p>Tout ce que vous avez toujours voulu savoir sur le fond des analyses Politoscope<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-814 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-814\"  src=\"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/09\/AlluvialFullyAnnotatedSD-1500x430.png\" width=\"1500\" height=\"430\" title='AlluvialFullyAnnotatedSD' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"   \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div id='after_full_slider_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-813'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1hj899-e7392c759cfa604a3e7c047bea0a7f2f\">\n.flex_column.av-1hj899-e7392c759cfa604a3e7c047bea0a7f2f{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1hj899-e7392c759cfa604a3e7c047bea0a7f2f av_two_third  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_slideshow_full  el_before_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-1961nx-f88b09882c2d575e28d76ba09c2b1512 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"csl-bib-body\">\n<div class=\"csl-entry\">Gaumont, N., Panahi, M., Chavalarias, D., 2018. Reconstruction of the socio-semantic dynamics of political activist Twitter networks\u2014Method and application to the 2017 French presidential election. PLOS ONE 13, e0201879. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201879\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201879<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Contexte<\/strong> Les espaces num\u00e9riques, et en particulier les sites de r\u00e9seaux sociaux, sont de plus en plus pr\u00e9sents et influents dans le fonctionnement de nos d\u00e9mocraties. Dans cet article, nous proposons une m\u00e9thodologie int\u00e9gr\u00e9e pour la collecte de donn\u00e9es, la reconstruction, l\u2019analyse et la visualisation du d\u00e9veloppement du paysage politique d\u2019un pays \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es de Twitter.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Methode<\/strong> La m\u00e9thode propos\u00e9e repose uniquement sur les interactions entre les comptes Twitter et est ind\u00e9pendante des caract\u00e9ristiques des contenus partag\u00e9s tels que la langue des tweets. Nous validons notre m\u00e9thodologie sur une \u00e9tude de cas portant sur l\u2019\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle fran\u00e7aise de 2017 (60 millions d\u2019\u00e9changes Twitter entre plus de 2,4 millions d\u2019utilisateurs) via deux m\u00e9thodes ind\u00e9pendantes : la comparaison entre notre cat\u00e9gorisation politique automatis\u00e9e et une cat\u00e9gorisation humaine bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019\u00e9valuation d\u2019un \u00e9chantillon de 5000 descriptions de profils ; et la correspondance entre les reconfigurations d\u00e9tect\u00e9es dans le paysage politique reconstruit et les \u00e9v\u00e9nements politiques cl\u00e9s rapport\u00e9s dans les m\u00e9dias. Cette derni\u00e8re validation d\u00e9montre la capacit\u00e9 de notre approche \u00e0 refl\u00e9ter avec pr\u00e9cision les reconfigurations de la sc\u00e8ne politique d\u2019un pays \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es des r\u00e9seaux sociaux.<\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9sultats<\/strong> Nous nous sommes appuy\u00e9s sur cette reconstruction pour donner un aper\u00e7u des dynamiques d\u2019opinion et de la reconfiguration des communaut\u00e9s politiques qui sont en jeu lors d\u2019une \u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle. Tout d\u2019abord, nous proposons une description et une analyse quantitative de l\u2019engagement politique des membres des communaut\u00e9s politiques. Ensuite, nous analysons l\u2019impact des communaut\u00e9s politiques sur la diffusion de l\u2019information et en particulier sur leur r\u00f4le dans le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne des fausses nouvelles. Nous mesurons un effet diff\u00e9rentiel de chambre d\u2019\u00e9cho (<em>echo chamber<\/em>) sur les diff\u00e9rents types de nouvelles politiques (fausses nouvelles, d\u00e9mentis, nouvelles standards) caus\u00e9es par la structure communautaire. Nous soulignons l\u2019importance de prendre en compte les m\u00e9so-structures des r\u00e9seaux politiques pour comprendre les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de type \u201cfausses nouvelles\u201d (fake news).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong> En donnant acc\u00e8s \u00e0 un niveau interm\u00e9diaire, entre les enqu\u00eates sociologiques de terrain et les grandes \u00e9tudes statistiques (telles que celles men\u00e9es par des organisations nationales ou internationales), nous d\u00e9montrons que les donn\u00e9es des r\u00e9seaux sociaux permettent de qualifier et de quantifier l\u2019activit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s politiques dans un environnement politique multipolaire, ainsi que leur \u00e9volution et reconfiguration temporelle, leur structure, leurs strat\u00e9gies d\u2019alliance et leurs particularit\u00e9s s\u00e9mantiques au cours d\u2019une campagne pr\u00e9sidentielle \u00e0 travers l\u2019analyse de leurs traces num\u00e9riques. Nous concluons ce document par un commentaire sur les implications politiques et \u00e9thiques de l\u2019utilisation des donn\u00e9es des r\u00e9seaux sociaux en politique. Nous insistons sur l\u2019importance de d\u00e9velopper des macroscopes sociaux qui permettront aux citoyens de mieux comprendre la mani\u00e8re dont collectivement ils font soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Nous proposons comme exemple le \\textit{Politoscope}, un macroscope qui restitue certains de nos r\u00e9sultats d\u2019une mani\u00e8re interactive.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mots-cl\u00e9s :<\/strong> opinion dynamics, political activism, elections, socio-semantic networks, networks dynamics, Twitter.<\/p>\n<p><!-- Protanopia filter --> <!-- Deuteranopia filter --> <!-- Tritanopia filter --><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-15nv85-873629fb646318d8a59999c78e03b731\">\n.flex_column.av-15nv85-873629fb646318d8a59999c78e03b731{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-15nv85-873629fb646318d8a59999c78e03b731 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p><div  class='tabcontainer av-vgpmt-19c99e4dbf671685a92d846a6af13725 top_tab  avia-builder-el-4  el_before_av_icon_box  avia-builder-el-first '>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-2on0t-0fcb126a536a4f3002080232214cc5c8'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div id='tab-id-1-tab' class='tab active_tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-1' aria-controls='tab-id-1-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><span class='tab_icon avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue80b' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span>Les auteurs<\/div><div id='tab-id-1-content' class='tab_content active_tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-1-tab' aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"tab-id-1-container\" class=\"tab_content active_tab_content\">\n<div class=\"tab_inner_content invers-color\">\n<ul>\n<li>No\u00e9 Gaumont (CNRS\/EHESS, \u00a0CAMS\/ISC-PIF)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/multivac.iscpif.fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Maziyar Panahi<\/a> (CNRS, ISC-PIF),<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/chavalarias.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">David Chavalarias<\/a> (CNRS\/EHESS, ISC-PIF\/CAMS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-jb1gl-4553b8ca2788193853b775ae2b0b4e0a'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div id='tab-id-2-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-2' aria-controls='tab-id-2-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><span class='tab_icon avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue8ad' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span>Plateformes associ\u00e9es<\/div><div id='tab-id-2-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-2-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div id=\"tab-id-2-container\" class=\"tab_content active_tab_content\">\n<div class=\"tab_inner_content invers-color\">\n<ul>\n<li>La <a href=\"https:\/\/presidentielle2017.politoscope.org\/\">plateforme politoscope<\/a> : https:\/\/presidentielle2017.politoscope.org<\/li>\n<li>La <a href=\"http:\/\/multivac.iscpif.fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plateforme multivac<\/a> : http:\/\/multivac.iscpif.fr<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><br \/>\n<article  class='iconbox iconbox_top av-frkq5-7dc5431a78a6e3c70407dffc8606e0d4  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_tab_container  el_before_av_image  main_color'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: T\u00e9l\u00e9charger en PDF\"><a href='https:\/\/nextcloud.iscpif.fr\/index.php\/s\/iDDXbWyWJCErSQ9' title='T\u00e9l\u00e9charger en PDF' aria-label='T\u00e9l\u00e9charger en PDF'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue84d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger en PDF\" desc=\"T\u00e9l\u00e9charger en PDF\" ><\/a><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/nextcloud.iscpif.fr\/index.php\/s\/iDDXbWyWJCErSQ9' title='T\u00e9l\u00e9charger en PDF'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger en PDF<\/a><\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Traduction Fran\u00e7aise de l&#8217;article de PLOS ONE. Bient\u00f4t sur HAL.<\/p>\n<p><!-- Protanopia filter --> <!-- Deuteranopia filter --> <!-- Tritanopia filter --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Protanopia filter --> <!-- Deuteranopia filter --> <!-- Tritanopia filter --><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9wwmd-32fe31ea308ddfe4d725b41d9dab1954\">\n.avia-image-container.av-9wwmd-32fe31ea308ddfe4d725b41d9dab1954 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-9wwmd-32fe31ea308ddfe4d725b41d9dab1954 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-9wwmd-32fe31ea308ddfe4d725b41d9dab1954 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_icon_box  avia-builder-el-last '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-815 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-815 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/09\/PrimairesGauche.png\" alt='' title='PrimairesGauche'  height=\"1739\" width=\"1805\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/09\/PrimairesGauche.png 1805w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/09\/PrimairesGauche-300x289.png 300w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/09\/PrimairesGauche-768x740.png 768w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/09\/PrimairesGauche-1030x992.png 1030w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/09\/PrimairesGauche-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/09\/PrimairesGauche-1500x1445.png 1500w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/09\/PrimairesGauche-705x679.png 705w, https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2017\/09\/PrimairesGauche-450x434.png 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1805px) 100vw, 1805px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- Protanopia filter -->    <!-- Deuteranopia filter -->    <!-- Tritanopia filter --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classifiee"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=813"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1291,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/813\/revisions\/1291"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/chavalarias\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}