{"id":122,"date":"2023-08-07T13:25:52","date_gmt":"2023-08-07T11:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/?p=122"},"modified":"2023-08-22T05:52:32","modified_gmt":"2023-08-22T03:52:32","slug":"the-new-fronts-of-denialism-and-climate-skepticism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/?p=122","title":{"rendered":"The new fronts of denialism and climate skepticism"},"content":{"rendered":"<div  class='flex_column av-nw8o-608236686ccdfaa112d5b7af52fc110a av_one_full  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><p><div  class='avia-slideshow av-le20m8xy-76bc50f8ab1a0dd7b0237033a59fc2ec avia-slideshow-featured av_slideshow avia-slide-slider  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  av-slideshow-ui av-control-default av-slideshow-manual av-loop-once av-loop-manual-endless av-default-height-applied avia-slideshow-1' data-slideshow-options=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:false,&quot;loop_autoplay&quot;:&quot;once&quot;,&quot;interval&quot;:5,&quot;loop_manual&quot;:&quot;manual-endless&quot;,&quot;autoplay_stopper&quot;:false,&quot;noNavigation&quot;:false,&quot;bg_slider&quot;:false,&quot;keep_padding&quot;:false,&quot;hoverpause&quot;:false,&quot;show_slide_delay&quot;:0}\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><ul class='avia-slideshow-inner ' style='padding-bottom: 47.045951859956%;'><li  class='avia-slideshow-slide av-le20m8xy-76bc50f8ab1a0dd7b0237033a59fc2ec__0  av-single-slide slide-1 slide-odd'><div data-rel='slideshow-1' class='avia-slide-wrap '   ><div class='av-slideshow-caption av-le20m8xy-76bc50f8ab1a0dd7b0237033a59fc2ec__0 avia-caption'><div class=\"avia-inner-caption\"><h2 class='avia-caption-title '  itemprop=\"name\" >The new fronts of denialism and climate skepticism<\/h2><div class='avia-caption-content '  itemprop=\"description\" ><p>Two years of Twitter exchanges under the macroscope<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-77 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-77\"  src=\"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2023\/02\/ElpisNetwork_Feb6_2023_graph_2021-01-01_2023-01-27_th1_Core2_cropped.png\" width=\"914\" height=\"430\" title='ElpisNetwork_Feb6_2023_graph_2021-01-01_2023-01-27_th=1_Core2_cropped' alt=''  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"   \/><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-le1plryp-70de84441a788f79a289470e9d6a3436\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-le1plryp-70de84441a788f79a289470e9d6a3436{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-le1plryp-70de84441a788f79a289470e9d6a3436 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-le1plryp-70de84441a788f79a289470e9d6a3436 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-le1plryp-70de84441a788f79a289470e9d6a3436 av-special-heading-h2  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_slideshow  avia-builder-el-last '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Climatoscope Study 2023<\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<div  class='flex_column av-148qs-c2d47ddaa2b4e07694e57743f02a7b71 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p><article  class='iconbox iconbox_top av-le20sqld-91e4cf56e56fb95d705e93407e34dca7  avia-builder-el-4  el_before_av_tab_container  avia-builder-el-first  main_color'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Download the study\"><a href='https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03986798' title='Download the study' aria-label='Download the study'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue84d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title=\"Download the study\" desc=\"Download the study\" ><\/a><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-03986798' title='Download the study'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download the study<\/a><\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>PDF version\u00a0 (online on 05-23-2023)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Citation :<\/strong>\u00a0 David Chavalarias, Paul Bouchaud, Victor Chomel, Maziyar Panahi. The new fronts of denialism and climate skepticism: Two years of Twitter exchanges under the macroscope. 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04103183v2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u27e8hal-04103183v2\u27e9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><br \/>\n<div  class='tabcontainer av-le46lunm-703c1863d655b610f76da10be0e958a8 top_tab  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_icon_box  avia-builder-el-last '>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-le46lrnd-9c64001cd4aebd93b6e03857f136bcf7'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div id='tab-id-1-tab' class='tab active_tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-1' aria-controls='tab-id-1-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >Main conclusions<\/div><div id='tab-id-1-content' class='tab_content active_tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-1-tab' aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><blockquote>\n<p>Beyond \u201cfact-checking\u201d, this study aims at a better understanding of the circulation of different narratives related to climate change and in particular those related to disinformation. Here are the main results and conclusions:<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>At the global level<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>The global climate change debate on Twitter is highly bipolarized<\/strong> with about 30% climate denialists among Twitter accounts that address climate issues over the period 2019-2022,<\/li>\n<li><strong> The COVID-19 pandemic has distracted public opinion from climate change issues for several months,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Experts from the IPCC and pro-climate communities focus their messages on their areas of expertise while the denialist community presents inauthentic forms of expertise<\/strong>: a core group of accounts speaks on a multitude of topics, concentrate presumed expertise, and fabricate the majority of the denialists narratives in circulation. <strong>Some of the denialists\u2019 favorite topics reveal an active agenda setting uncorrelated with current events.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>The proportion of Twitter accounts with inauthentic behaviors in the exchanges has increased significantly since 2019 on a global scale, pointing to possible astroturfing operations.<\/strong> However, exchanges on climate change issues are largely organized around human-to-human interactions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The denialist community has an over-representation of accounts with inauthentic behaviors of +71% compared to pro-climate communities,<\/strong> with 6% of accounts \u201cprobably bot\u201d. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in the United States where there has been a steady increase since February 2022 in the over-representation of denialist accounts with inauthentic behavior (likely bots), which has exceeded 400% in 2023.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Since spring 2022 Twitter has become an active place of conversion to climate skepticism while losing at the same time its status as a globalized space for the expression of opinions on climate change.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro-climate accounts flee from Elon Musk\u2019s Twitter.<\/strong> After Elon Musk\u2019s takeover of the platform in Oct. 2022, about one third of core pro-climate accounts left the network while the activity of these communities was halves.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The proportion of climate skeptics has been steadily increasing on Twitter over the past two years.<\/strong> This increase accelerated sharply following Musk\u2019s takeover, with the proportion of climate skeptics reaching 50% by March 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>France : a prototypical case (extended version only)<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>A large French denialist community was structured in the summer of 2022 on Twitter.<\/strong> A remarkable fact since the French twittersphere had been relatively unaffected by climate skepticism until 2022,<\/li>\n<li><strong>A higher proportion of accounts \u201clikely bot\u201d.<\/strong> The proportion of inauthentic accounts in the French denialist community is 2.8 times higher than in the French IPCC community. The proportion of accounts suspended by Twitter is ten times higher.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The denialist community produces or relays 3.5 times more toxic messages than the IPCC community.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Inauthenthic Opportunistic behavior.<\/strong> The main influencer of the French denialist community is a newcomer to the cause after a period spent campaigning against government measures against the COVID-19 pandemic. The transition was made at the time of the invasion of Ukraine and he relayed pro-Putin propaganda for a time. The account was dormant since 2012 and woke up in 2021.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weird political signature.<\/strong> Apart from some accounts involved in the informational sphere of Reconqu\u00eate! (French far-right), the major part of the denialist community is not composed of political activists from traditional parties (LFI, PS, EELV, Renaissance, LR or RN).<\/li>\n<li><strong>An &#8220;anti-system&#8221; trend.<\/strong> The denialist community on Twitter is mostly composed of accounts that have participated in numerous anti-system protest campaigns during the pandemic. Moreover, out of 10 000 accounts, nearly 6000 have relayed Kremlin propaganda about the war in Ukraine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Likely foreign interference.<\/strong> The issue of the fight against global warming and the characteristics of denialist activists make this societal issue a particularly favorable terrain for foreign interference operations of the subversion type.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impact on climate scientists.<\/strong> A causality analysis shows that in the medium term, the publication of IPCC leads the debate on Twitter around climate issues. Twitter discourse from the denialist and technosolutionist communities likely hinders the dissemination of scientific knowledge and IPCC findings by negatively affecting the online activity of climate science and climate change scientists.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-le46j2fl-026fde2aae3c62f1ee860f3e2ec58f33'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div id='tab-id-2-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-2' aria-controls='tab-id-2-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >Context<\/div><div id='tab-id-2-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-2-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>As early as 1912, some warned of the effects of massive CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere by the new industrial era. As early as the late 1970s, internal studies of the fossil<br \/>\nfuel industries made accurate projections linking global warming to CO 2 emissions, predicting \u201cdramatic environmental effects by the year 2050\u201d. Meanwhile, these same companies, especially ExxonMobil, tried to convince the public that a causal link between fossil fuel use and global warming was impossible because the models used to model climate response were too uncertain.<\/p>\n<p>Since the 1970s, advances in climate science have provided an increasingly clear statement of the reality of global warming (see IPCC Group I Report, Chapter 1), while the 2021 IPCC Report states that \u201cit is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>As global warming intensifies in every region of the world (2022 being an emblematic year) and its impacts worsen, this is a critical decade to make a determined commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite this, we are witnessing an increase in the activity of online denialist and climate-skeptic groups and an upward revision of the emission targets of most of the oil majors that have just announced record annual profits (e.g. BP).<\/p>\n<p>In France, the intensification of denialist activism has been particularly marked since July 2022 with a triple climate news: a series of extreme events, the holding of the COP27 with a strong weight of fossil industries, and finally the convergence of the stakes of global warming with those of the security of oil and gas supply due to the war in Ukraine.<\/p>\n<p>Other equally worrying trends are observed in countries like the United States, with a strong increase in the proportion of bots in the denialist information space.<br \/>\nThis study describes some of the strategies implemented by climate skeptic and denialist activists on Twitter worldwide, quantifies their effects and highlights potential geopolitical motivations alongside the political and economic dimensions already present. It is based on methodologies developed at the CNRS at CAMS and at the Complex Systems Institute of Paris \u00cele-de-France.<\/p>\n<p>Beyond \u201cfact-checking\u201d, this study aims at a better understanding of the circulation of different narratives related to climate change and in particular those related to disinformation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Here are the main results and conclusions:<\/strong><br \/>\nAt the global level<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The global climate change debate on Twitter is highly bipolarized with about 30% climate denialists among Twitter accounts that address climate issues over the period<br \/>\n2019-2022,<\/li>\n<li>The COVID-19 pandemic has distracted public opinion from climate change issues for several months,<\/li>\n<li>Experts from the IPCC and pro-climate communities focus their messages on their areas of expertise while the denialist community presents inauthentic forms of ex-<br \/>\npertise: a core group of accounts speaks on a multitude of topics, concentrate presumed expertise, and fabricate the majority of the denialists narratives in circulation.<br \/>\nSome of the denialists\u2019 favorite topics reveal an active agenda setting uncorrelated with current events.<\/li>\n<li>Exchanges on climate change issues are largely organized around human-to-human interactions. However, the proportion of Twitter accounts with inauthentic behaviors in the exchanges has increased significantly since 2019 on a global scale, pointing to possible astroturfing operations.<\/li>\n<li>The denialist community has an overrepresentation of accounts with inauthentic behaviors of +71% compared to pro-climate communities, with 6% of accounts \u201cprobably bot\u201d. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in the United States where there has been a steady increase since February 2022 in the overrepresentation of denialist accounts with inauthentic behavior (likely bots), which has exceeded 400% in 2023.<\/li>\n<li>Since spring 2022 Twitter has become an active place of conversion to climate skepticism while losing at the same time its status as a globalized space for the expression of opinions on climate change.<\/li>\n<li>Pro-climate accounts flee from Elon Musk\u2019s Twitter. After Elon Musk\u2019s takeover of the platform in Oct. 2022, about one third of core pro-climate accounts left the network while the activity of these communities was halves.<\/li>\n<li>The proportion of climate skeptics has been steadily increasing on Twitter over the past two years. This increase accelerated sharply following Musk\u2019s takeover, with the proportion of climate skeptics reaching 50% by March 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>The case of France (extended version only)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>While the French twittersphere had been relatively unaffected by climate skepticism until now, a large French denialist community was structured in the summer<br \/>\nof 2022 on Twitter.<\/li>\n<li>A higher proportion of accounts \u201clikely bot\u201d. The proportion of inauthentic accounts in the French denialist community is 2.8 times higher than in the French IPCC community. The proportion of accounts suspended by Twitter is ten times higher.<\/li>\n<li>The denialist community produces or relays 3.5 times more toxic messages than the IPCC community.<\/li>\n<li>The main influencer of the French denialist community is a newcomer to the cause after a period spent campaigning against government measures against the COVID-<br \/>\n19 pandemic. The transition was made at the time of the invasion of Ukraine and he relayed pro-Putin propaganda for a time. The account was dormant since 2012 and<br \/>\nwoke up in 2021.<\/li>\n<li>Apart from some accounts involved in the informational sphere of Reconqu\u00eate! (French far-right), the major part of the denialist community is not composed of political activists from traditional parties (LFI, PS, EELV, Renaissance, LR or RN).<\/li>\n<li>The denialist community on Twitter is mostly composed of accounts that have participated in numerous anti-system protest campaigns during the pandemic. Moreover, out of 10 000 accounts, nearly 6000 have relayed Kremlin propaganda about the war in Ukraine.<\/li>\n<li>The issue of the fight against global warming and the characteristics of denialist activists make this societal issue a particularly favorable terrain for foreign inter-<br \/>\nference operations of the subversion type.<\/li>\n<li>A causality analysis shows that in the medium term, the publication of IPCC leads the debate on Twitter around climate issues.<\/li>\n<li>Twitter discourse from the denialist and technosolutionist communities likely hinders the dissemination of scientific knowledge and IPCC findings by negatively affecting the online activity of climate science and climate change scientists.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-leeuu8gz-782d3889634b75acc4dc0a28f2243b91'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div id='tab-id-3-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-3' aria-controls='tab-id-3-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><span class='tab_icon avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue80b' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span>Authors<\/div><div id='tab-id-3-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-3-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>David Chavalarias<\/strong> CNRS Research Director at the Centre d&#8217;Analyse et de Math\u00e9matique Sociales (CAMS, EHESS), Director of the Institut des Syst\u00e8mes Complexes de Paris Ile-de-France (ISC-PIF, CNRS) and PI of the Politoscope and Climatoscope platforms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Paul Bouchaud<\/strong> EHESS doctoral student at CAMS and ISC-PIF. Thesis: &#8220;Social structures and dynamics in the digital age: Reconstructing, modeling and assessing the impact of major digital infrastructures&#8221;. Graduate of Politecnico di Torino and Universit\u00e9 Paris-Cit\u00e9 in physics of complex systems.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Victor Chomel<\/strong> Associate researcher at ISC-PIF. Doctorate from EHESS (CAMS &#038; ISC-PIF), thesis (2022) &#8220;Beyond Fake News: a structural and dynamic approach to the analysis of online disinformation and the manipulation of public opinion&#8221;. Polytechnicien, degree in applied mathematics and computer science.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Maziyar Panahi<\/strong> CNRS engineer at ISC-PIF, specialized in Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, in charge of the Multivac platform.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Contact author :<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/chavalarias.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Chavalarias<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>To write to authors :<\/strong> climatoscope at iscpif.fr<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-1ayso-cfce041971979e30495f754a183e166f av_one_half  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-le46ndea-57f25af1b7315560a3d5956f8ec0f1dd\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-le46ndea-57f25af1b7315560a3d5956f8ec0f1dd{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-le46ndea-57f25af1b7315560a3d5956f8ec0f1dd .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-le46ndea-57f25af1b7315560a3d5956f8ec0f1dd .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-le46ndea-57f25af1b7315560a3d5956f8ec0f1dd av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-7  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Evolution of interactions around the theme of climate change on Twitter<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-leeuvnxu-ab08cc0b711274b1081220ca2b8a445b\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-leeuvnxu-ab08cc0b711274b1081220ca2b8a445b{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-leeuvnxu-ab08cc0b711274b1081220ca2b8a445b .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-leeuvnxu-ab08cc0b711274b1081220ca2b8a445b .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-leeuvnxu-ab08cc0b711274b1081220ca2b8a445b av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_video '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Worldwide<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-video av-zhiw-9b16080f153952188ef7fe712f7289f0 avia-video-16-9 av-no-preview-image avia-video-load-always av-lazyload-immediate av-lazyload-video-embed'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/vimeo.com\/767800360'><script type='text\/html' class='av-video-tmpl'><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Climatoscope 2021-2022\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/767800360?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963&autoplay=0&loop=0&controls=1&muted=0\" width=\"1500\" height=\"844\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/script><div class='av-click-to-play-overlay'><div class=\"avia_playpause_icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-leeutc62-0a59e8522610a540b331bc33f7561ccd '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Video illustration of the study by Chavalarias, Bouchaud, Chomel, Panahi (2023).<\/p>\n<p><strong>WHAT DO WE SEE?<\/strong> Nodes correspond to Twitter accounts. Links are retweet links between accounts. They are directional and have the color of the sender. The denialist community is in brown, on the bottom.<\/p>\n<p>In all, over 200,000 accounts are represented in this video. An account only appears at a given time if it has been active and will be active again. When a node is not active or not interacting with other accounts, it appears isolated and moves to the periphery.<\/p>\n<p><strong>WHY DOES IT MOVE?<\/strong> Accounts move as connections are made and broken over time, and it&#8217;s possible for an account to be temporarily attracted to a community that doesn&#8217;t reflect its views if members of that community start retweeting it, even if it doesn&#8217;t interact with its members.<\/p>\n<p><strong>HOW ARE LABELS CHOSEN?<\/strong> Only the most active or most followed accounts in this theme have been labelled after a manual check of their publications. When an account does not appear as a public figure and is not anonymous, the account name has been replaced by elements of its Twitter profile to provide context (like MAGA for example for US MAGA supporters).<\/p>\n<p><strong>WHAT DO WE HEAR? <\/strong>the sonification is based on the debates within French political communities on the subject of climate change. Data come from the CNRS\/ISC-PIF platform Politoscope over the same period. A sound instrument\/texture is assigned to each political community, and its daily level of activity gives a score.There is one note per day and per community, and 150 days per minute, which gives the soundtrack.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-leeuvcp3-9d01a3b7d7a8cfe9012e48bad8d3ba93\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-leeuvcp3-9d01a3b7d7a8cfe9012e48bad8d3ba93{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-leeuvcp3-9d01a3b7d7a8cfe9012e48bad8d3ba93 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-leeuvcp3-9d01a3b7d7a8cfe9012e48bad8d3ba93 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-leeuvcp3-9d01a3b7d7a8cfe9012e48bad8d3ba93 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_video '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >In France<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-video av-le20yqzr-42b9756a28e899d682ad5e6a88cf4cdc avia-video-16-9 av-no-preview-image avia-video-load-always av-lazyload-immediate av-lazyload-video-embed'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/vimeo.com\/800210290'><script type='text\/html' class='av-video-tmpl'><div class='avia-iframe-wrap'><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Les nouveaux fronts du d\u00e9nialisme et du climato-scepticisme\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/800210290?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963&autoplay=0&loop=0&controls=1&muted=0\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/script><div class='av-click-to-play-overlay'><div class=\"avia_playpause_icon\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-le46tm9f-2f23d29696042af1ad336230d1e0f3ba '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>On this video we can clearly see the intensification of exchanges during the COPs, their attenuation during the Christmas holidays and the overactivity of the denialist community since the summer of 2022.<\/p>\n<p>This video, also presented in the exhibition &#8220;Foules&#8221; at the Cit\u00e9 des Science et de l&#8217;Industrie Museum in Paris, reconstructs the exchanges about climate change on Twitter, observed in the Climatoscope over several months worldwide.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ADDITIONAL CREDITS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Video and sound:<\/strong> David Chavalarias, CNRS\/CAMS, ISC-PIF (see other videos)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Data:<\/strong> ISC-PIF Climatoscope &#038; Politoscope projects, Multivac platform, Maziyar Panahi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dynamic graph visualization software:<\/strong> Gephi.org.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dynamic spatialization algorithm:<\/strong> ForceAtlas2; Jacomy, M., Venturini, T., Heymann, S., Bastian, M., 2014. ForceAtlas2, a Continuous Graph Layout Algorithm for Handy Network Visualization Designed for the Gephi Software. PLOS ONE 9, e98679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0098679<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":77,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-122","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=122"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":135,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122\/revisions\/135"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/77"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscpif.fr\/climatoscope\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}